As parents, educators, and policymakers, we are rightly concerned about the issue of drug use among teenagers. Substance abuse can have serious consequences for young people's physical and mental health, as well as their academic and social wellbeing. But what does the scientific data actually reveal about teen drug usage?
A comprehensive review of the research paints a complex picture. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), rates of drug and alcohol use among teenagers have generally declined over the past two decades. In 2021, past-month use of illicit drugs (including marijuana) was reported by just 11.1% of 8th graders, 25.9% of 10th graders, and 30.7% of 12th graders.[1]
However, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have interrupted this downward trend, with a recent Monitoring the Future survey finding increases in past-year use of hallucinogens, amphetamines, and non-medical use of prescription opioids among high school students.[2] Additionally, the growing popularity of vaping, especially among younger teens, has emerged as a major public health concern. In 2021, over 27% of 12th graders reported vaping nicotine in the past month.[1]
Certain demographic factors also seem to play a role. According to NIDA data, rates of drug use tend to be higher among male, White, and LGBTQ+ teens.[1] Socioeconomic status is also a factor, with lower-income youth at greater risk of substance abuse.[3] Importantly, the research also indicates that early exposure to drugs and alcohol can significantly increase the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder later in life.[4]
Teenage drug and vape usage pose significant health risks that can have long-lasting consequences. Studies have shown that the use of illegal drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, and methamphetamine, can lead to addiction, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety (7, 8). Similarly, vaping has been linked to lung injuries, respiratory problems, and nicotine addiction, which can hinder brain development and increase the likelihood of transitioning to traditional cigarette smoking (9, 10). These behaviors can also disrupt academic performance, social relationships, and overall well-being, making it crucial for teenagers and their families to be aware of the potential dangers and seek appropriate support and resources to address substance abuse issues (11).
Beyond the statistics, the research highlights the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to teen drug use. Neurological changes during adolescence can heighten sensitivity to reward and impulsivity, while mental health issues like depression and anxiety are strongly linked to substance abuse.[5] Environmental influences like peer pressure, family dynamics, and community norms also heavily shape young people's attitudes and behaviors. [6]
Ultimately, effectively addressing teen drug use will require a multi-pronged approach that combines evidence-based prevention programs, accessible treatment options, and policies that address the root causes. By drawing on the insights of scientific research, we can work to support the healthy development and wellbeing of all young people.
References:
[1] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2022). Monitoring the Future Survey: High School and Youth Trends. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/monitoring-future-survey-high-school-youth-trends
[2] Miech, R.A., Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., & Schulenberg, J.E. (2021). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2020: Volume I, Secondary school students. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/171751
[3] Hanson, M.D., & Chen, E. (2007). Socioeconomic status and health behaviors in adolescence: a review of the literature. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30(3), 263-285. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17514418/
[4] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Research-Based Guide. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-treatment-research-based-guide
[5] Hussong, A.M., Jones, D.J., Stein, G.L., Baucom, D.H., & Boeding, S. (2011). An internalizing pathway to alcohol use and disorder. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(3), 390-404. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21823762/
[6] Haller, M., Handley, E., Chassin, L., & Bountress, K. (2010). Developmental Cascades: Linking Adolescent Substance Use, Affiliation with Substance Use Promoting Peers, and Academic Achievement to Young Adult Substance Use Disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 32(3), 399-418. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2971659/
[7]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-misuse-addiction
[8]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2019). Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2019-nsduh-annual-national-report
[9]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html
[10]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Lung Injuries Associated with Use of Vaping Products. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/lung-injuries-associated-use-vaping-products
[11]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2014). Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Research-Based Guide. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-treatment-research-based-guide
Louisa Mastromarino is the CEO of Holistic Consortium, LLC, a distant holistic and life coaching practice worldwide. Louisa is a Licensed Spiritual Health Coach, Licensed Ecclesiastical Health Practitioner, and certified counselor educator. She holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Communications, a Master of Science Degree in School Counseling, and a post master’s degree in Supervision and Educational Leadership. She is also certified in Intuitive Consulting, Reiki, Integrated Energy Therapy, Esoteric Healing, Matrix Energetic and a host of holistic programs. Louisa is the author of Spifford Max and the Cycle Pups Go to Washington, D.C., Spifford Max and the Cycle Pups Go to New York City, Spifford Max and the Cycle Pups Go to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Brizzley Bear Loves Poetry and additional publications. Louisa's work has been highlighted in the noted publications Careers from the Kitchen Table by Raven Blair Davis and Miracles in the Divine by Beverly Pokorski. Louisa is also an intuitive artist and writer with works found at LouisaMastro.com. Please email Louisa at distantholistic@gmail.com to schedule a private holistic or spiritual life coaching session. Thank you.
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